![]() ![]() ![]() In these years, a series of massive revolts in Royal Hungary brought Habsburg rule closer to collapse than it had ever been. In The Habsburg Empire under Siege, Georg Michels directs our attention to the particularly troublesome period from 1670 to 1672. The stakes of tilting this balance were high, since, depending on the point of view, Royal Hungary was either the gateway to or the buffer protecting Vienna and the Austrian hereditary lands. Peace agreements since the sixteenth century failed to provide definitive solutions to border conflicts, and the balance between the two states therefore always remained tenuous. Pragmatic arrangements between the Ottomans and the Habsburgs designated certain regions as a condominium in which both empires levied taxes on the population. The effectively tripartite division of the former kingdom between the areas ruled directly by the Ottomans, the Ottoman vassal principality of Transylvania, and the relatively small territory that fell to the Habsburgs after the death of Louis II during the Battle of Mohács (1526) meant that Hungary remained contested between these three parties for roughly two centuries, leading to repeated full-scale military campaigns and, perhaps more importantly, constant raids and skirmishes by fighters on all sides of the political divide. Since the Ottomans’ initial conquest of the larger part of Hungary during the reign of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman (1520–66), the former kingdom was a contact zone between the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires, Europe’s two most powerful dynastic states. When the Habsburgs Almost Lost Royal Hungary due to Fear of Ottoman Invasion Graf (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät)Ĭommissioned by Yasir Yilmaz (Purdue Univ.) Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2021.
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